Specific-gravity balance



Dec. 3o, 1930. D. o. UMA 1,787,256

SPECIFIC GRAVITY BALANCE Filed Nov. 4, 1929 BY FIG. 2. f

A TTORNE Y Figure 2 Patented Dee. 3o, y1930 ,PATENT oFFlcE DAvIn o. LIMA, orV OKLAHOMAv CITY, OKLAHOMA SPEGIFlIC-GRYAVITY BALANCE 'My invention relates to a device for-measuring and yrecording vhe comparative gravity of fluids and gaseous substances.` The objects ofl my invention are to provide 75 av device of this clas'srwhich is new, novel, practical and of utility;` whichA will measure the gravity of one gas or -fluid in terms of its relation to vanother' gascor fluid, ratherv than W in terms off xed weights, in such a. manner that the. precision of weighing isunaffected byvariations of pressure and temperature, d providing that the densities 'of both fluids are equally affected by such variations and that both fluids remainiatthe same temperature; a device which willbe self-compensatngfor pressureV and temperature; aV device .with which no auxiliary device ortabulation is needed for the purpose ofcalculating or compensating the eifects of variations of pressure and temperature on the densities shown by the device; a device whichwill automatically record its'readings upon a chart which will beparticularly useful in measuring the conten't'of carbondioxide in flue gases; and which may be further adapted .to automatically open and close fire box drafts in a manner y to' promote the efficient consumption of fuel; which will be efficient in accomplishing all the purposes for which it is intended.

Vith these and other .objects in view as will more fully appearmy invention consists in the construction, novel features, and combination of parts'k hereinafter more fully described, pointed out in the claims hereto appended, and illustrated in the accompanying one-sheet drawing, of which,

device. Y is a side elevational view, partly in section; and

Figure 8 is al sectional view showing a fragment of the long screw, its threaded nut and av cross section' of the swinging arm.

Like characters of reference designate like parts inrall the figures.

It is understood that various changes in the form, proportion, size, shape, weight and other details of construction, within the scope of my invention may beresorted to without departing from the spirit or broad Figure '1 is a front elevational viewof theY l Application filed November 4, 1929. Serial No'. 404,634.

principle of my invention and Without sacrificingiany of the advantages thereof; and it is also understood that the drawings are to be interpreted as being illustrative and not restrictive. y

One practical embodiment of the invention i as illustrated in the drawings comprises:

A' base 1 of suitable form and material, vertically arising from which are upright standards 2 and 3. Said standards at their 60 base portions are outflanged as shown at 4 and are secured to the base 1 by a plurality of bolts 5. Adjacent their upper portion said standards 2 and 3 are provided with horizontally alined bearings 6. The bearings 6 sup- 65 port a crank shaft 7, having a central portion 8 which is offset vertically from said shafts axis. Theoutward end of the shaft 7 which extends through the bearing 6 disposed upon said standard 2 is provided with a vertically 70 downstanding arm 9. The axis of shaft 7 is provided with a through bore from end to n end. Disposed within the offset of the shaft 7 is a shorter shaft 11 the axis of which is identical with the axis of shaft 7. Shaft 11 75' is supported by thin flat springs 12 and 13 under tension. Spring 12 is attached at the axial center of the adjacent end of shaft 11, the other end of the spring, which passes through the bore 1.0, is secured to the threaded tension means 14 which is received into the forward end of shaft 7. In like manner tension spring 13 is attached to the other and adjacent end of said shaft 11, passes through the rear extension of shaft y7 and at the outer 85- end of the latter and is secured by the threaded tension means 15. If desired, pivot pins orknife edges may be substituted for said spring suspension members 12 and 13. l

Arising from the central portion of said shaft 11, at one side of its vertical diametric center is-anarm 16. i Said arm will be rigidly secured to shaft 11 in any usual ellicient manner andv arises therefrom at a desired angle, ysuch as is 'best shown in Fig. 1, which is approximately tdegrees from the vertical. A similar arm 17 arises from the opposite upper centralportion of said shaft 11 at an angle of approximately l5 degrees from the vertical, said arms being alined and havv`zus spheres and 26 and isrigidly secured i of thin aluminum or the like.

l Y ing an angle thereinbetween of approxiniate-r` ly 90 degrees. Upon the upper ends respectively, of each of saidarrns 16 and'17are rigidly disposed the hollow balls 18 and 19',

Vertically dependingAv from i the diametric center of said shaft 511, and attached thereto in a rigid manner isa threaded shaft 20. supporting counterbalance 21.'V Alsoextending from the diametric. centerof said shaft 11, but from a point adjacent -saidishaft7s' for-V ward end'is the contact arm 22. This arm as illustrated in Fig.V 2, extends downward, thence at right anglesl forward through a slot shown as 23 in the standard 2, thenceV again at rightangles downward, and adjacentits lower end'isturned forward as shown-.

.i at 23a, at right angles to its last Vdr'iwnward Y portion. The free. end of saidy arm` 22 profaced electrical contact 25.V

jects forwardly into a slot shown as V24 in saidarm 9, and therein is provided with a two VLoosely surrounding respectively 'the said Vballs 18 and 19 are the hollow vspheres Yor shells .25 and 26, each yof which' is providedV at diametrically-opposit-e points with out wardly flanged openings respectively shown as27 and28. lhroughY each of said vopen?V ings 28l extends one of thel supporting arms. 16 and 17 Vupon which are positioned-,thev said balls 18. and 19. Eacli said opening 28 suflici'ently large c to'allow an unrestricted movement therein over anrarc of small de-V greel of the armV y16 or 17 passing there.-v

through.V i Ahorizontal arm 29 connects'said thereto at its ends to diametrically alined points thereon. Rigidly secured in any us'- Y ual manner to the midsection 0f aiin29 and 405 extending at right angles, verticallydownward therefrom is the sup'portinginember 30. Member 30 at its lower endv .is rigidly secured to the upper surface of the midsection of said offset portion 8 of shaft 7.

The' said slotV 24 through said varm '9 is providedl upon` its opposing' vertical `walls y with insulatedV electrical contacts 31 and 32 Y respectively, each of which is alined with and adapted to be contacted singly by saidconay tact 25. Said contacts' 31 and 32 each extend throughl a respective side of said arm 9, and

- are respectively connected to the electricv wires 33 and 34.V `Wire battery 35 intervening, leads to one end of the winding ofthev electromagnet .v FromY the oppositeend of said winding, wire-38 leads to the binding post 39 at the Vforward end of said shaftt [7. yBinding post 39 acts as al groundfor com- Y pletingthe circuit.V Said wire 34 leads, battery 40 intervening, to one v.end ofthe wind-' ing of the electro-magnet 41.y From the opposite end of saidwinding wire 42 leads to said binding post 39. l

Adjacent the front ofthe device and atthe right end porton ofthe embodiment 'of saine here shown, are provided, bolted to said base 1, the housing 43 for ausualclock motor, not shown. The upper portion ofsad housing shown forthe rotalchart cylinder 44, and

:withfa Vusualv means of imparting rotative y `motion, ,activated byysaidmotor,- to said cylinder. l Adjacentsaid housing 43, and also bolted to basel is the supporting member 45 ,which rises vertically from said base, provides asupport uponitsfacefor electro-mag- Y net 41, and at its forwardly extending upperVV portion provides a bearing 46 for one end portion Yof the long threaded' screw 47.

` Opposite Vsaid supporting member 45, and

alined therewith at the left end portionofv said base 1 is a supporting member 48.,.similar in structure andk purpose t0 lmember 45.

YThe end bearing for this end offscrew 47 is indicated the dotted Alinges vas 49.` Adjacent saidinember' 48, is vthe vertical member 50, which, bolted to base 1,'.is providedat also providedwith a-n-end bearing not Y its upper portion with 'theother bearing 51 for the said chart cylinder 44. :fv

Rigidly attached at therespective end por! tions of said screw 47 are. the toothed ratchet wheelsg52 and-,53, the teeth of wheel 52 being designed to impartV to it and to said screw'47 va clockwise motion; Wheell 53 is designed for a. reverseV or anti-clockwise motion.

' Further details of design and construction will be disclosed asthe operation ofthe de-YV vvice is explained.' 1

As beforeV recited, one' ofV the objects to be attained fby my'invention is the measurement of a given substance invterms of its gravity V,as related to another andV known substance,

oneV of its purposes being the measurement of flue gas. Inthis application of the device theweight of the flue gas will be measured comparatively with that of the yprevailing atmosphere. A principle involved in said application is thatof the relative buoyancy of liquid or gaseous substances as directly related to their respective weights.

Intlie kdevice as described it shouldbe understood that saine is to be constructed as an instrument of precision; that the weight of said balls 18 and 19 and their supports 16 and/17V and the weight of said rod 20, counter balance 21 and arm 22 and are so distributed around the axis of rotation of said shaft 11 that if allbuoyant effect of fluids were removed, thernembers attached to saidshaft 11 would be in neutral rotationalequilibrium, regardless vof their rotational position.V It

i will further be understoodthat normally the outer spheres 25 and 26 will contain'said ifrzase l'.lheflanged opening 27 in sphere 26 is seen to be provided with a'removable light flexible hose 54. Through hose 54 a stream of flue `,gasuis conducted slowly into said sphere 26.

The gas. will circulate freely about alledes of said ball :19 and 'will flow outward from -sphere 26 through its ,opening 28. ltwill be noted `that point of entry27 is diametrlcally opposite point of exit 28, and the centers of both 27 and 28 are alined with the length of thesupporting arm 17. The object of the flow of gas isl torfill and keep filled all that 'space shown as 55 between the said balllS) and saidshell 26, with'flue gas without causing any motion of ball 19 due to current of the flowing thereabout.

'a slight rotational movement of the balanced shaft 11. Contact arm 22 will beswung in a 'clockwise are, causing contact 25 to 'close uponfcontact 31, thus closing the electric circuit .through wire 33 'and battery energizing the electrdmagnet 37.v causing its core 56 to move upwardly.' In this movement core 56 impinges one of the teeth of the ratchet Y wheel 52, causingthis wheel to rotate slightly in. a measured degree in anticlockwise direction. The rotation of sait wheel 52 causes a like rotative movement of the long threaded shaft 47, upon which said wheel. 52 is keyed. `rThe rotational movement of shaft 47 causes the threaded nut 57, best shown in Fig. 3, to travel slightly to the left, moving arm 9 and breaking the contact between said contacts`25 and'Bl. Core56 returns by gravity Y to its original position.' A pen 5 8`u'pon the arm 59 which extends forward and v down from'said nut 57, contacts said chart roll44 and 'recordsthereupon' anyniovement either to rightv or left of the nut 47and pen 58. Roll 44 is given a continuous,or if desired, an intermittent rotational movement bv the said spring motor-within housing 43. The above described movement of nut 57is imparted to the arni 9 by means. as may best be seen in Figure 3, of the head 59 of the projection 60 lwhich ext-ends from nut 57, and isslidably received inthe longitudinal slot shown as 61 in theface of said arm 9. v

The said movement to the left of arm 9 Vwill impart a rotational movement of shaft- 7 f theright. If at the termination of this slight movement, the buoyancy of the'gas in space is insufficient to floatin balanced position therein the ball 19, the contact between 25 and 31 will bemade as before, the vcore 56 willl turn the ratchet 52 one space, screw 47 will rotate as before, nut 57 will travel to the-left, the pen record will be made as before, and through the before described chain of movements, the sphere 26 will again be moved slightly outward and downward. The

movements as described will continue until such time vasthe buoyant effect of the gas in 55'is sufficient to sustain in neutral position the ball 19 centrally therewithin. When equilibrium is reached no further mechanical ff action is set up and a reading of chart cylinder 44 will ydisclose the degree of the angle between arm 9 and vertical. The angle at which equilibrium is established, being known, the relation between the buoyancy of the gas in 55 and the buoyancy of the air in similar space 61 of sphere 25, may be readily calculated. The buoyancy of any fluid being indirect ratio with its specific gravity, the 'specilic gravity of air being known, the specific gravity of the gas may readily be calculated. lf desired, the chart 44 may be platted with all such calculation previously made. The chart then will show without further calculation the direct information desired.

contact 25 with contact 32, core 62 of magnet 41 will rotate ratchet 53 one space in clockwise fashion, screw 47 will turn clockwise, nut 57 i will moveto the right, and in same manner as described but in reverse direction, thek balls 1S and 19 will seek and find a point of equilibrium, which will be recorded upon said chart 44.

Obviously, the invention is susceptible of embodiment in forms otherv than that which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described herein, and applicable for uses and purposes other than as detailed, and I therefore consider as my own all such modifications and adaptation-s and other uses of the form of the device other than as herein described as fairly fall within the scope of my invention. A

Having thus described my invention, what is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is:

1. A device, as described, embodying a pair of hollow shells spacedly supported upon a first standard, one of said shells having openings for admitting one fluid, the other having an inlet and an outlet for another fluid, aI

ico

2pm of bonos mightsoas spaediy, asposednponlasecond, balanced standard, one

Iarately.

V v having an.Y inlet 'and an' outlet for another "29A device, described, embodying a pair of hollow shells spacedly supported upon af first standard, one of said shells 'having openings' for admitting'one fluid, the other KQ fluid, a pair ofhollow airtight lioatsspacedly disposedupon a second, balanced standard, Y :oiie'fof said floats'iwithin each of Vsaid shell-s,

f, it

saidYV standards having their axes of rotation identically located and operable thereon separately, and means for tilting said shells on theircaxis when the vdifference in buoyancy H of one of 'said fluids in'one shellv and said fluid linthe other shell causess'aid upon their' axis.V f Y t 3. A deviceasdescribed, embodyinga pair floats -to tilt A lof'hollow shells spacedly supported'upon a aninlet andan outlet for another-.fluida f first standard, one of said shells having openings for admitting one fluid,.the otherv having pair ofv hollow airtight' floats spacedly disposedupon a second, balanced standard, one

" of saidffioats within each of said shells, said tically located and operable thereon separate-l ly, means for tiltingY said shells on their axis standards having their axes of-rotation idenwhen the difference in buoyancy ofone of said i fluids inone Lshell and said fluid in the other yshell vcauses said floats to tilt upon their axis,

and means for recordingY the movementrof said rstl standard.

4. A device as described, embodying a pair of balanced/,hollow shells, one having an inlet and outlet for air, the other having an inletv and-outletfor gases Vor liquid, said.

shells-mounted rigidly upon the ends of the crossarm of a T shapedsuppOrt, said supportmounted'rigidly upon the crank of a crank shaft,` said 'shaft mounted pivotally between standards supported by abase, said c' shaft having a downward extending arm Vupon one of its ends, a pair y,of hermetically slightly` smaller than and conforming to the shape of sealed, balanced, hollow floats the interior of said shells, one of said fioats within each of said shells, said floats mounted rigidlyupon the upper ends of the arms of a 'V shaped support, the lower-end of the said Vshaped support pivotally mounted on a cross lmember extending between the Y bmation, a pair of balanced, hollow, spheric shoulders of said crankV in axial alinement y Y with.y theA axis of said shaft, saidfcross-membei' having a weight suspendedV adjustably below itsaxis for balancing said floats thereabove/f 5. A device as described, embodying a pair of balanced, hollow, spherical shells, one

v having an inlet and outlet' for one iuid,'the

other havingan inlet and outlet kfor another liuidQsaidshells mountedVK rigidly Vuponfthe V ends of the cross arm of'a Trshaped'support, said support mounted rigidly upon the crank of a crank shaft, s aidshaft mounted pivotally between standards supported by va base,7^

said shaft having a downwardl extending arm upon one of its ends, a pair of hermeti- Vcally sealed, balanced, hollow,'jspherical floats slightly smaller in diameter lthan the fmV interior of said shells, one of said floats a5 within each Y of said shells, said floats mounted rigidly uponv theA upper ends of the arms of- V shapedsupport, ythe lower` end f of said V shaped supportpivotally mounted on a cross member extending betweenthe ,-30 shoulders of said crank in'axialfalinement with the axis of said shaft, saidcross memher having a weight suspended adjustably below Vits axis for balancing said floats thereabove, and meansV for actuating saidV down- 85 on their axis when the diderence'in buoy- .ancy of said fluid in one shell and said fluid in the otherrshell causes said floats tov tilt upon their axis. i

' 6.- A device as of balanced, hollow, spherical shells,v one having an `inlet and outletfor one fluid, the other having aninletV and outlet'y for another liuid, said shells mounted rigidly upon the 'ends ofthe cross arm vof a T shaped support,

said supportmounted rigidly upbn thecrank of a crank shaft, saidfshaft'mounted pivot# ally between standards supported by a base,

said shaft having a downward' extending 1 arm upon one of its ends, a pair of hermetically sealed,.balanced, hollow, spherical floats sllghtly smaller in diameter than the interior of said shells, one of said lio-ats within each of said shells, said floats mounted rigidly upon the upper ends of the arms of a V shaped support, the lower end-of said V shaped support pivotallyV mounted "on a cross" member extending between the shoulders of said crank in axial alineinent with the axisV of said shaft, said cross member having ward-extending arm for tilting, saidV shells if described, embodying a pair ico cal shells, onehaving an inlet and outlet for one fluid, the other lhaving aninlet andr outlet for another Huid, said shells mounted c rigidly upon the endsv of the cross arm of'a T shaped support,rsaid support mounted rigidly upon the crank of a crankshaft, said shaft mounted pivotally between standards supported byr a'base, "saidV shaft having a downward extending arm upon one of its end of said V recording the movement ends, a pair ofvhermetically sealed, balanced,

hollow, spherical floatsslightly smaller in diameter. than the interior of said shells, one

of said oats within each of said shells, said floats/mounted rigidly upon the upper endsV of the arms of a V shaped support, the lower shaped support pivotally mounted on a cross member extending between the shoulders of said crank'in axial alinement with the axis of said shaft, said cross member having a weight suspended adjustably below its axis for balancing said iloats thereabove, means for actuating said downward extending arm for tilting said shells on their axis when the Vdifference in buoyancy of said fluidv in one shell and said gases or fluid in the other shell cause said floats to tilt upon their axis, and means for of said downward DAVID O. LIMA.

extending arm.

liti 

